1. Data Redundancy and Inconsistency: There is a possibility that same data may be stored in several files. Various copies of same data in files may not agree leading to inconsistencies.
2. Difficulty in Accessing Data: It is difficult to access data from file systems. If data is stored in different files and if we want to access them from different places we need to manually access them from different files. Conventional file processing environment do not allow needed data to be retrieved in a convenient and efficient manner.
3. Data Isolation: Since data are scattered in various files and files may be in different formats, it is difficult to write new application programs to retrieve the appropriate data.
4. Atomicity Problem: It is difficult to perform roll back of partial transaction in case of failures in a file system. This leads to automicity problems.
5. Concurrent Access Anomalies: In file systems it is very difficult to implement concurrent access where multiple users are allowed to update the data simultaneously.
6. Security: Not all users must be allowed to access all the information. The users must be allowed to access only the relevant data. It is difficult to implement such things in classical file system.
Database systems are developed to overcome these difficulties. DBMS consist of a collection of interrelated data and a collection of programs to access data. The primary goal of DBMS is to provided an environment that is both convenient and efficient for people to use in retrieving and storing information.
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