A system concept may be defined as a group of inter-related parts or elements designed to achieve a particular goal.
An engineering system usually utilities the human efforts, materials, machine and finance to achieve desired objectives.
A manufacturing system to be a collection of integrated equipment and human resources, whose function is to perform one or more processing and/or assembly operations on a starting raw material, part or set of part.
System Concept in MIS
The system concept of MIS is, therefore one among optimizing the output of the organization by connecting the operating subsystems through the medium of data exchange.
The Management data system may be a concept of the last two decade or two. it's been understood and described during a number of the way . it's also referred to as the knowledge System, the knowledge and Decision System, the pc based Decision System.
Information is that the life blood of a corporation , particularly within the case of system approach management. The MIS or data system are often define because the knowledge communicated by others or obtained from investigation or study. it's a system providing needed information to every manager at the proper time within the right form and relevant one which aids understanding and stimulates the action.
MIS is an organized method of providing past, present and projection information concerning internal operations and externals intelligence. It supports the design , control and operational functions of a corporation by furnishing uniform information in proper time-frame to assist the method of decision-making.
Management data system is usually defined as an integrated user-machine system for providing information to support operations, management and decision-making functions in a corporation . The system utilizes hardware and software, manual procedure, models for analysis. Information is viewed as a resource very similar to land, labor and capital. It must be obtained processed, stored, manipulated and analyzed, distributed etc. a corporation with a well-defined data system will generally have a competitive advantage over organization with poor MIS and no MIS.
The MIS has quite one definition, a number of which are given below:
The MIS is defined as a system which provides information support for decision-making within the organization.
The MIS is defined as an integrated system of man and machine for providing the knowledge to support the operations, the management and therefore the decision-making function within the organization.
The MIS is defined as a system supported the database of the organization evolved for the aim of providing information to the people within the organization.
The MIS is defined as a computer-based data system .
Though there are variety of definitions all of them converge on one point, i.e. the MIS may be a system that support the decision-making function of the organization. The difference lies in defining the weather of MIS. However, in today’s world, the MIS may be a computerized business processing system generating information for the people within the organization to satisfy the knowledge needs for decision-making to realize the company objective of the organization.
MIS may be a computer-based system that gives flexible and speedy access to accurate data. The organizational data system which generally relates to the design , operation and control of an enterprise are the foremost important among them. MIS refers primarily to such an organizational system which is usually large, sophisticated, structured and dynamically evolving and of immense commercial values. an outsized number of programmers and system analysts are employed by many organizations to create a spread of MIS. Thus, the education of programmers and system analysts also as head , the topic of MIS, has occupied a key position.
Thus, MIS may be a set of computer-based system and procedures implemented to assist managers in their routine job of decision-making and planning, expansion and development.
The objective of MIS is to supply information for a choice support process of management. It should help in such how that the business goals are achieved within the most effective manner. Since the decision-making isn't restricted to a specific level, the MIS is predicted to support all the amount of the management in conducting the business operations. Unless the MIS becomes a management aid, it's not useful to the organization.
Modern management system relies on MIS, the complexity of business management and competitive nature of business requires handling of business operations with skill and foresight to advert the crisis. The management process is executed through a spread of selections taken at each step of designing , organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating and controlling. If the management is in a position to spell out the choice required to be taken, then the MIS is meant suitably.
The actual MIS process relates to:
Collection
Organization
Distribution
Storage of wide information
Managerial control and analysis of knowledge
Hence MIS focuses on:
Organization-wide information
Decision-making process
iii. Managerial control and analysis
Computer-based system
CONCLUSION: Management Information Systems is sets of inter-related procedures using data system infrastructure during a commercial enterprise to get and disseminate the specified information. Such systems are designed to support decision-making by the people related to the enterprise within the process of attainment of its objectives.
The MIS gets data and other resources of IT infrastructure as inputs from the environment and process them to satisfy the knowledge needs of various entities related to the commercial enterprise . There are subsystems of control over the utilization of IT resources and feedback system offers useful clues for increasing the advantages of data system to business. The MIS are subsystem of business system and by themselves serve the function of feedback and control in business system.
ROLE OF MANAGEMENT data system
The role of the MIS in a corporation are often compared to the role of heart within the body. the knowledge is that the blood and MIS is that the heart. within the body the guts plays the role of supplying pure blood to all or any the weather of the body including the brain. the guts work faster and supplies more blood when needed. It regulates and controls the incoming impure blood, processed it and sends it to the destination within the quantity needed. It fulfills the requirements of blood supply to physical body in normal course and also in crisis.
The MIS plays precisely the same role within the organization. The system ensures that an appropriate data is collected from the varied sources, processed and send further to all or any the needy destinations. The system is predicted to satisfy the knowledge needs of a private , a gaggle of people , the management functionaries: the managers and top management.
Here are a number of the important roles of the MIS:
The MIS satisfies the various needs through sort of systems like query system, analysis system, modeling system and decision network .
The MIS helps in strategic planning, internal control , operational control and transaction processing. The MIS helps within the clerical personal within the transaction processing and answers the queries on the info concerning the transaction, the status of a specific record and reference on a spread of documents.
The MIS helps the junior force by providing the operational data for planning, scheduling and control , and helps them further in decision-making at the operation level to correct an out of control situation.
The MIS helps the center management briefly term planning, target setting and controlling the business functions. it's supported by the utilization of the management tools of designing and control.
The MIS helps the highest level management in goal setting, strategic planning and evolving the business plans and their implementation.
The MIS plays the role of data generation, communication, problem identification and helps within the process of decision-making. The MIS, therefore, plays an important role within the management, administration and operation of a corporation .
System Concept of Production
1) A system are often defined as a purposeful collection of individuals , objects & producers for operating within an environment . Thus every organization are often represented as a system consisting of interacting sub-system.
2) The features of a system are that these have inputs and outputs .the basic process of the system converts the resource inputs into some useful sort of outputs. Depending upon the efficiency of the conversion process we may have undesirable outputs too-such as pollution, scraps or wastage , rejection , lose of human life etc. Using the generalized concepts of production we will say such system a production system.
INPUTS AND OUTPUTS
1) The inputs to the system are often labour, material, equipment (machines), facilities, energy, information & technology. Other inputs to production system are often customers during a bank, patients during a hospital, commuters to a conveyance system, files a papers to an office etc.
2) The outputs from a system are often finished products, transported goods, delivered messages, cured patients, serviced customers etc.
PRODUCTIVITY OF CONVERSION PROCESS
1) The efficiency with which the inputs are converted into outputs. Conversion efficiency are often measured because the ratio of outputs to inputs .This is called the productivity of the system.
2) The productivity are often improved by maximizing the desirable sort of outputs for a given level of resource inputs or by requiring a minimum amount of inputs for a given level of outputs from the system.
3) The productivity also can be improved by reducing wastes of all kinds of resources, materials , labour, capacity of machine , time, space , capital etc.
MANUFACTURING & SERVICE SYSTEM
1) The generalized model of production system including both manufacturing system also as service system. example of producing system are; manufacturing of cement, fertilizer, coal, textile, steel, automobiles etc. example of service system include a post office, hospital, bank, transport organisation ,university etc.
2) The management of service system is slightly difficult than that of producing system. a number of the features of service system are;
a) outputs from the system is non-inventoriable. We cannot generally produce to stock.
b) demand for the service is variable
c) operation are often labour-intensive.
d) Location of service operation is dictated by location of user.
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