Internet working Protocol (IP) is the transmission mechanism used by the TCP/IP protocols. It is an unreliable and connection less protocol used by the internet layer in the 5 layer TCP/IP protocol suite. IP transports data in packets called datagrams each of which is transported separately. Datagrams can travel along different routes and can arrived out of sequence or be duplicated. IP does not keep track of the routes and has no facility for reordering datagrams once they arrive at their destination. IP uses four supporting protocols.
ARP: Address Resolution Protocol
RAPP: Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
ICMP: Internet Control Message Protocol
IGMP: Internet Group Message Protocol
ARP is used to associate a logical address with a physical address.
RAPP allows a host to deliver its Internet address when it knows only its physical address.
ICMP is a mechanism used by hosts and gateways to send notification of datagram problems back to sender.
IGMP is used to facilitate the simultaneous transmission of a message to a group of recipients.
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