What is motherboard?

Motherboard Definition

A motherboard is that the main computer circuit board (PCB) in an exceedingly pc. The motherboard could be acomputer’s central communications backbone property purpose, through that all elements and external peripherals connect.

The large PCB of a motherboard might embody 6-14 layers of covering material, copper connecting traces and copper planes for power and signal isolation. further elements are often value-added to a motherboard through its growth slots. These might embody processor sockets, DIMM, HTX, PCI, PCIe and M.2 slots still as power provide connections. generally motherboards supply further property through a South bridge chip like PCI, SATA, Thunderbolt, USB and additional. CPU to RAM and PCIe ar typically connected through point-to-point interconnects like hypertransport (HT), fast path interconnect (QPI) or Ultrapath interconnect (UPI). Often, selecting a motherboard determines several of the options a desktop can have.

What is the basic structure of computers?

The most common motherboard style in desktop computers nowadays is ATX, AN Intel improvement on the AT style by IBM. alternativetype factors embodyextended ATX mini-ATX, microATX, BTX, microBTX mini ITX, small ITX and nano ITX.

The integration of elements has eliminated the North bridge chips that managed memory from motherboards. With the arrival of memory controllers designed into CPU, integrated video too has touched from motherboard to CPU. On AMD’s new Ryzen, even the South bridge is non-obligatory because of the SOC (system on a chip) nature of the CPU. This integration into the CPU reduces the value for motherboard makers World Health Organization want to supply base systems for workstations and entry level computers whereas additionally enabling extremely tailor-made implementations that support a variety of processors to permit for platform upgradability.

Motherboard Components

The important components of a Motherboard are given below:

1. Mouse & keyboard : 

There are two sorts of keyboard and mouse connectors.First type is named PS/2 and other is named USB.

2. USB (Universal serial bus) :

USB is Universal serial bus. it's used for connection for PC. There are different devices which is employed to attach with USB port like mouse, keyboards, scanners, cameras, and even printers.USB connector is employed to attach computer motherboard and a peripheral . you'll insert or remove peripheral connect by USB connector without restarting your system.

3. parallel interface :

Most of old printers are wont to connect by parallel interface . parallel interface used quite one wire for sending or receiving multiple bits of knowledge directly , while interface uses just one wire. Parallel ports use a 25-pin female DB connector.

4. CPU Chip :

CPU refers to a processor, the central processing unit, also called the microprocessor performs all the task that happen inside a computing system .It is also know as brain of computer.

5. RAM slots :

RAM slots is for attaching RAM thereon generally desktop we will see two slot of RAM but in server motherboard we will see 4+ slot of RAM.RAM comes in several size(memory).

6. Floppy controller :

In old motherboard the floppy drive connects to the pc via a 34-pin ribbon cable, one end of ribbon cable is hook up with floppy drive and other is connected to the motherboard.

7. IDE controller :

IDE that's Integrated Drive Electronics,also called as ATA or Parallel ATA (PATA).IDE controller is liable for controlling the disk drive . Today’s computers not accompany a IDE controller.

8. PCI slot :

PCI stands for Peripheral Component Interface, PCI slot allows you to insert expansion cards into your computer. PCI wont to connect additional PCI device like network cards, sound cards,modems,video cards.Some of today’s computers not accompany a PCI slot .Its connect audio, video and graphics.

9. ISA slot : 

ISA stands for Industry Standard Architecture, it's the quality architecture of the Expansion bus.Its connect modem and input devices.

10. CMOS Battery :

CMOS is complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor is employed to store BIOS setting in computer motherboard. CMOS Battery also store date and time.

11. AGP slot :

The Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) may be a high-speed point-to-point channel for attaching a video card to a computing system , If you've got a contemporary motherboard, you'll almost certainly notice one connector that appears sort of a PCI slot.A fast port for a graphics card

12. CPU slot :

The processor socket (also called a CPU socket) is that the connector on the motherboard that connect a CPU.

13. Power supply connect :

The Power supply provides the required electric power to form the pc system operate. the facility supply takes standard 110-V AC power and converts into 12-Volt, 5-Volt, and 3.3-Volt DC power.

The power supply connector has 20-pins, and therefore the connector can enter just one direction.